# Dicom Series From Array¶

## Overview¶

This example illustrates how to write a DICOM series from a numeric array and create appropriate meta-data so it can be read by DICOM viewers.

Generating an array is done using a simple random number generator for this case but can come from other sources.

Writing the 3D image as a DICOM series is done by configuring the meta-data dictionary for each of the slices and then writing it in DICOM format. In our case we generate all of the meta-data to indicate that this series is derived. If the new image has float values we need to encode this via the rescale slope (0028|1053), rescale intercept (0028|1052), and several additional meta-data dictionary values specifying how the values are stored.

## Code¶

import SimpleITK as sitk

import sys
import time
import os
import numpy as np

pixel_dtypes = {"int16": np.int16,
"float64": np.float64}

def writeSlices(series_tag_values, new_img, out_dir, i):
image_slice = new_img[:, :, i]

# Tags shared by the series.
list(map(lambda tag_value: image_slice.SetMetaData(tag_value[0],
tag_value[1]),
series_tag_values))

# Slice specific tags.
#   Instance Creation Date
image_slice.SetMetaData("0008|0012", time.strftime("%Y%m%d"))
#   Instance Creation Time
image_slice.SetMetaData("0008|0013", time.strftime("%H%M%S"))

# Setting the type to CT so that the slice location is preserved and
# the thickness is carried over.
image_slice.SetMetaData("0008|0060", "CT")

# (0020, 0032) image position patient determines the 3D spacing between
# slices.
#   Image Position (Patient)
image_slice.SetMetaData("0020|0032", '\\'.join(
map(str, new_img.TransformIndexToPhysicalPoint((0, 0, i)))))
#   Instance Number
image_slice.SetMetaData("0020,0013", str(i))

# Write to the output directory and add the extension dcm, to force
# writing in DICOM format.
writer.SetFileName(os.path.join(out_dir, str(i) + '.dcm'))
writer.Execute(image_slice)

if len(sys.argv) < 3:
print("Usage: python " + __file__ + " <output_directory> [" + ", "
.join(pixel_dtypes) + "]")
sys.exit(1)

# Create a new series from a numpy array
try:
pixel_dtype = pixel_dtypes[sys.argv[2]]
except KeyError:
pixel_dtype = pixel_dtypes["int16"]

new_arr = np.random.uniform(-10, 10, size=(3, 4, 5)).astype(pixel_dtype)
new_img = sitk.GetImageFromArray(new_arr)
new_img.SetSpacing([2.5, 3.5, 4.5])

# Write the 3D image as a series
# IMPORTANT: There are many DICOM tags that need to be updated when you modify
#            an original image. This is a delicate opration and requires
#            knowledge of the DICOM standard. This example only modifies some.
#            For a more complete list of tags that need to be modified see:
#                  http://gdcm.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Writing_DICOM
#            If it is critical for your work to generate valid DICOM files,
#            It is recommended to use David Clunie's Dicom3tools to validate
#            the files:
#                  http://www.dclunie.com/dicom3tools.html

writer = sitk.ImageFileWriter()
# Use the study/series/frame of reference information given in the meta-data
# dictionary and not the automatically generated information from the file IO
writer.KeepOriginalImageUIDOn()

modification_time = time.strftime("%H%M%S")
modification_date = time.strftime("%Y%m%d")

# Copy some of the tags and add the relevant tags indicating the change.
# For the series instance UID (0020|000e), each of the components is a number,
# cannot start with zero, and separated by a '.' We create a unique series ID
# using the date and time. Tags of interest:
direction = new_img.GetDirection()
series_tag_values = [
("0008|0031", modification_time),  # Series Time
("0008|0021", modification_date),  # Series Date
("0008|0008", "DERIVED\\SECONDARY"),  # Image Type
("0020|000e", "1.2.826.0.1.3680043.2.1125."
+ modification_date + ".1" + modification_time),  # Series Instance UID
("0020|0037", '\\'.join(map(str, (direction[0], direction[3], direction[6],
direction[1], direction[4],
direction[7])))),  # Image Orientation
# (Patient)
("0008|103e", "Created-SimpleITK")  # Series Description
]

if pixel_dtype == np.float64:
# If we want to write floating point values, we need to use the rescale
# slope, "0028|1053", to select the number of digits we want to keep. We
# also need to specify additional pixel storage and representation
# information.
rescale_slope = 0.001  # keep three digits after the decimal point
series_tag_values = series_tag_values + [
('0028|1053', str(rescale_slope)),  # rescale slope
('0028|1052', '0'),  # rescale intercept
('0028|0100', '16'),  # bits allocated
('0028|0101', '16'),  # bits stored
('0028|0102', '15'),  # high bit
('0028|0103', '1')]  # pixel representation

# Write slices to output directory
list(map(lambda i: writeSlices(series_tag_values, new_img, sys.argv[1], i),
range(new_img.GetDepth())))

# Re-read the series
# Read the original series. First obtain the series file names using the
# image series reader.
data_directory = sys.argv[1]
series_IDs = sitk.ImageSeriesReader.GetGDCMSeriesIDs(data_directory)
if not series_IDs:
print("ERROR: given directory \"" + data_directory +
"\" does not contain a DICOM series.")
sys.exit(1)
series_file_names = sitk.ImageSeriesReader.GetGDCMSeriesFileNames(
data_directory, series_IDs[0])

series_reader = sitk.ImageSeriesReader()
series_reader.SetFileNames(series_file_names)

# Configure the reader to load all of the DICOM tags (public+private):
# By default tags are not loaded (saves time).
# By default if tags are loaded, the private tags are not loaded.
# We explicitly configure the reader to load tags, including the
# private ones.
series_reader.LoadPrivateTagsOn()
image3D = series_reader.Execute()
print(image3D.GetSpacing(), 'vs', new_img.GetSpacing())
sys.exit(0)